Lens System Summary
This system is unique in having 6 lensed images. Three lensing galaxies are shown in ground-based and HST pictures of the lens.
|
This Lens System
Lens name
|
B1359+154
|
Survey
|
CLASS
|
Images
|
6
|
B1950.0 coords
|
13h59m10.976s
|
15°27'52.660"
|
J2000.0 coords
|
14h01m35.550s
|
15°13'25.643"
|
|
Lens System Structure and Labelling
Image labelling for this lens (RA increases to the left, declination increases upwards)
|
Image/Lens Positions
Image/Lens
|
Relative Position
|
East (mas)
|
North (mas)
|
A
|
+0.0±0.1
|
+0.0±0.1
|
A1
|
-28.5
|
+3.0
|
A2
|
-42.13
|
-3.5
|
B
|
-491.5±0.2
|
-1248±0.2
|
B1
|
-518.52
|
-1249.4
|
B2
|
-510.04
|
-1289.49
|
C
|
-313.7±0.2
|
-1664±0.2
|
C1
|
-339.76
|
-1666.56
|
C2
|
-368.79
|
-1619.37
|
D
|
+957.1±0.8
|
-1366±0.8
|
D1
|
+934.07
|
-1365.64
|
E
|
+607.2±0.5
|
-1138±0.5
|
E1
|
+580.26
|
-1139.96
|
F
|
+412±2
|
-958±2
|
F1
|
+393.7
|
-960.77
|
K1
|
+630±70
|
-700±70
|
K2
|
+520±70
|
-1500±70
|
K3
|
+140±70
|
-940±70
|
|
Image/Lens Separations
Separation (mas)
|
Component
|
A
|
A1
|
A2
|
B
|
B1
|
B2
|
C
|
C1
|
C2
|
D
|
D1
|
E
|
E1
|
F
|
F1
|
K1
|
K2
|
K3
|
A
|
|
28.7
|
42.3
|
1341.3
|
1352.7
|
1386.7
|
1693.3
|
1700.8
|
1660.8
|
1667.9
|
1654.5
|
1289.9
|
1279.1
|
1042.8
|
1038.3
|
941.8
|
1587.6
|
950.4
|
A1
|
28.7
|
|
15.1
|
1333.9
|
1344.9
|
1379.3
|
1691.2
|
1698.3
|
1657.7
|
1686.9
|
1673.2
|
1306.1
|
1295.0
|
1057.1
|
1052.2
|
963.2
|
1600.0
|
957.9
|
A2
|
42.3
|
15.1
|
|
1323.1
|
1333.9
|
1368.5
|
1682.6
|
1689.5
|
1648.6
|
1689.6
|
1675.8
|
1307.2
|
1295.7
|
1057.0
|
1051.8
|
967.9
|
1598.6
|
954.0
|
B
|
1341.3
|
1333.9
|
1323.1
|
|
27.1
|
45.4
|
452.4
|
445.2
|
391.1
|
1453.4
|
1430.4
|
1104.2
|
1077.2
|
948.9
|
930.6
|
1248.2
|
1042.4
|
702.6
|
B1
|
1352.7
|
1344.9
|
1333.9
|
27.1
|
|
41.0
|
462.4
|
453.8
|
399.1
|
1480.2
|
1457.2
|
1131.2
|
1104.2
|
975.1
|
956.8
|
1273.2
|
1068.3
|
727.6
|
B2
|
1386.7
|
1379.3
|
1368.5
|
45.4
|
41.0
|
|
422.9
|
413.7
|
358.8
|
1469.1
|
1446.1
|
1127.5
|
1100.5
|
979.8
|
961.7
|
1283.4
|
1051.3
|
738.0
|
C
|
1693.3
|
1691.2
|
1682.6
|
452.4
|
462.4
|
422.9
|
|
26.2
|
70.9
|
1305.3
|
1282.9
|
1060.5
|
1036.2
|
1012.5
|
997.5
|
1349.0
|
849.7
|
854.4
|
C1
|
1700.8
|
1698.3
|
1689.5
|
445.2
|
453.8
|
413.7
|
26.2
|
|
55.4
|
1331.2
|
1308.9
|
1084.5
|
1060.1
|
1033.1
|
1017.9
|
1369.2
|
875.7
|
870.7
|
C2
|
1660.8
|
1657.7
|
1648.6
|
391.1
|
399.1
|
358.8
|
70.9
|
55.4
|
|
1349.9
|
1327.3
|
1088.2
|
1063.3
|
1023.3
|
1007.5
|
1357.5
|
896.8
|
848.8
|
D
|
1667.9
|
1686.9
|
1689.6
|
1453.4
|
1480.2
|
1469.1
|
1305.3
|
1331.2
|
1349.9
|
|
23.0
|
417.6
|
439.4
|
680.9
|
694.0
|
742.0
|
457.2
|
921.5
|
D1
|
1654.5
|
1673.2
|
1675.8
|
1430.4
|
1457.2
|
1446.1
|
1282.9
|
1308.9
|
1327.3
|
23.0
|
|
398.3
|
419.7
|
662.4
|
675.2
|
731.8
|
435.3
|
901.0
|
E
|
1289.9
|
1306.1
|
1307.2
|
1104.2
|
1131.2
|
1127.5
|
1060.5
|
1084.5
|
1088.2
|
417.6
|
398.3
|
|
27.0
|
265.5
|
277.5
|
438.6
|
372.4
|
507.4
|
E1
|
1279.1
|
1295.0
|
1295.7
|
1077.2
|
1104.2
|
1100.5
|
1036.2
|
1060.1
|
1063.3
|
439.4
|
419.7
|
27.0
|
|
247.8
|
258.7
|
442.8
|
365.0
|
483.5
|
F
|
1042.8
|
1057.1
|
1057.0
|
948.9
|
975.1
|
979.8
|
1012.5
|
1033.1
|
1023.3
|
680.9
|
662.4
|
265.5
|
247.8
|
|
18.5
|
337.8
|
552.7
|
272.6
|
F1
|
1038.3
|
1052.2
|
1051.8
|
930.6
|
956.8
|
961.7
|
997.5
|
1017.9
|
1007.5
|
694.0
|
675.2
|
277.5
|
258.7
|
18.5
|
|
351.9
|
553.8
|
254.5
|
K1
|
941.8
|
963.2
|
967.9
|
1248.2
|
1273.2
|
1283.4
|
1349.0
|
1369.2
|
1357.5
|
742.0
|
731.8
|
438.6
|
442.8
|
337.8
|
351.9
|
|
807.5
|
545.6
|
K2
|
1587.6
|
1600.0
|
1598.6
|
1042.4
|
1068.3
|
1051.3
|
849.7
|
875.7
|
896.8
|
457.2
|
435.3
|
372.4
|
365.0
|
552.7
|
553.8
|
807.5
|
|
676.8
|
K3
|
950.4
|
957.9
|
954.0
|
702.6
|
727.6
|
738.0
|
854.4
|
870.7
|
848.8
|
921.5
|
901.0
|
507.4
|
483.5
|
272.6
|
254.5
|
545.6
|
676.8
|
|
Position angle (°)
|
Component
|
A
|
A1
|
A2
|
B
|
B1
|
B2
|
C
|
C1
|
C2
|
D
|
D1
|
E
|
E1
|
F
|
F1
|
K1
|
K2
|
K3
|
A
|
|
96.0
|
85.3
|
21.5
|
22.5
|
21.6
|
10.7
|
11.5
|
12.8
|
-35.0
|
-34.4
|
-28.1
|
-27.0
|
-23.3
|
-22.3
|
-42.0
|
-19.1
|
-8.5
|
A1
|
-84.0
|
|
64.5
|
20.3
|
21.4
|
20.4
|
9.7
|
10.6
|
11.8
|
-35.8
|
-35.1
|
-29.1
|
-28.0
|
-24.6
|
-23.7
|
-43.1
|
-20.0
|
-10.1
|
A2
|
-94.7
|
-115.5
|
|
19.9
|
20.9
|
20.0
|
9.3
|
10.1
|
11.4
|
-36.3
|
-35.6
|
-29.8
|
-28.7
|
-25.4
|
-24.5
|
-44.0
|
-20.6
|
-11.0
|
B
|
-158.5
|
-159.7
|
-160.1
|
|
87.0
|
24.1
|
-23.1
|
-19.9
|
-18.3
|
-85.3
|
-85.3
|
-95.7
|
-95.8
|
-107.8
|
-108.0
|
-116.0
|
-76.0
|
-116.0
|
B1
|
-157.5
|
-158.6
|
-159.1
|
-93.0
|
|
-11.9
|
-26.3
|
-23.2
|
-22.0
|
-85.5
|
-85.4
|
-95.7
|
-95.7
|
-107.4
|
-107.6
|
-115.6
|
-76.4
|
-115.2
|
B2
|
-158.4
|
-159.6
|
-160.0
|
-155.9
|
168.1
|
|
-27.7
|
-24.3
|
-23.2
|
-87.0
|
-87.0
|
-97.7
|
-97.8
|
-109.8
|
-110.0
|
-117.3
|
-78.4
|
-118.3
|
C
|
-169.3
|
-170.3
|
-170.7
|
156.9
|
153.7
|
152.3
|
|
84.4
|
129.0
|
-103.2
|
-103.4
|
-119.7
|
-120.4
|
-134.2
|
-134.8
|
-135.6
|
-101.1
|
-147.9
|
C1
|
-168.5
|
-169.4
|
-169.9
|
160.1
|
156.8
|
155.7
|
-95.6
|
|
148.4
|
-103.0
|
-103.3
|
-119.2
|
-119.8
|
-133.3
|
-133.9
|
-134.9
|
-101.0
|
-146.6
|
C2
|
-167.2
|
-168.2
|
-168.6
|
161.7
|
158.0
|
156.8
|
-51.0
|
-31.6
|
|
-100.8
|
-101.0
|
-116.3
|
-116.8
|
-130.3
|
-130.8
|
-132.6
|
-97.6
|
-143.2
|
D
|
145.0
|
144.2
|
143.7
|
94.7
|
94.5
|
93.0
|
76.8
|
77.0
|
79.2
|
|
90.9
|
123.1
|
121.0
|
126.8
|
125.7
|
153.8
|
73.0
|
117.5
|
D1
|
145.6
|
144.9
|
144.4
|
94.7
|
94.6
|
93.0
|
76.6
|
76.7
|
79.0
|
-89.1
|
|
124.9
|
122.5
|
128.0
|
126.8
|
155.4
|
72.0
|
118.2
|
E
|
151.9
|
150.9
|
150.2
|
84.3
|
84.3
|
82.3
|
60.3
|
60.8
|
63.7
|
-56.9
|
-55.1
|
|
85.8
|
132.7
|
129.7
|
-177.0
|
13.5
|
113.0
|
E1
|
153.0
|
152.0
|
151.3
|
84.2
|
84.3
|
82.2
|
59.6
|
60.2
|
63.2
|
-59.0
|
-57.5
|
-94.2
|
|
137.2
|
133.8
|
-173.5
|
9.5
|
114.4
|
F
|
156.7
|
155.4
|
154.6
|
72.2
|
72.6
|
70.2
|
45.8
|
46.7
|
49.7
|
-53.2
|
-52.0
|
-47.3
|
-42.8
|
|
81.4
|
-139.8
|
-11.3
|
93.8
|
F1
|
157.7
|
156.3
|
155.5
|
72.0
|
72.4
|
70.0
|
45.2
|
46.1
|
49.2
|
-54.3
|
-53.2
|
-50.3
|
-46.2
|
-98.6
|
|
-137.8
|
-13.2
|
94.7
|
K1
|
138.0
|
136.9
|
136.0
|
64.0
|
64.4
|
62.7
|
44.4
|
45.1
|
47.4
|
-26.2
|
-24.6
|
3.0
|
6.5
|
40.2
|
42.2
|
|
7.8
|
63.9
|
K2
|
160.9
|
160.0
|
159.4
|
104.0
|
103.6
|
101.6
|
78.9
|
79.0
|
82.4
|
-107.0
|
-108.0
|
-166.5
|
-170.5
|
168.7
|
166.8
|
-172.2
|
|
145.8
|
K3
|
171.5
|
169.9
|
169.0
|
64.0
|
64.8
|
61.7
|
32.1
|
33.4
|
36.8
|
-62.5
|
-61.8
|
-67.0
|
-65.6
|
-86.2
|
-85.3
|
-116.1
|
-34.2
|
|
|
Maps and Images
Click on an image to see a larger JPEG version, or click on the accompanying text to
download a gzipped FITS or PostScript file of the map or image. The images and maps are
available in one gzipped file here.
To see a DSS image of the region around this lens, click here - note that you will have to start the search manually by clicking on the 'Search' button.
|
Radio Flux Densities
Component
|
Flux density (mJy)
|
1.7 GHz
|
5 GHz
|
8.4 GHz
|
8.4 GHz
|
15 GHz
|
A
|
|
19.0
|
9.86
|
9.57
|
5.43
|
A1
|
22.6
|
|
|
|
|
A2
|
3.0
|
|
|
|
|
B
|
|
11.2
|
5.87
|
5.82
|
3.51
|
B1
|
14.5
|
|
|
|
|
B2
|
1.4
|
|
|
|
|
C
|
|
15.8
|
7.95
|
7.92
|
4.77
|
C1
|
19.8
|
|
|
|
|
C2
|
1.3
|
|
|
|
|
D
|
|
3.2
|
2.22
|
1.93
|
1.05
|
D1
|
4.5
|
|
|
|
|
E
|
|
4.7
|
2.49
|
2.17
|
1.49
|
E1
|
6.0
|
|
|
|
|
F
|
|
1.2
|
0.74
|
0.50
|
|
F1
|
1.8
|
|
|
|
|
Flux errors
|
5%
|
5%
|
3%
|
3%
|
5%
|
Resolution (mas)
|
~10
|
60
|
210
|
210
|
150
|
Map noise level (mJy/beam)
|
0.045
|
0.040
|
0.224
|
0.066
|
0.176
|
Instrument
|
VLBA
|
MERLIN
|
VLA
|
VLA
|
VLA
|
Date observed
|
1999/12/10 2000/08/28
|
1999/01/26 1999/02/06
|
1998/03/16
|
1998/04/05
|
1998/04/05
|
Reference
|
[3]
|
[2]
|
[1]
|
[1]
|
[1]
|
|
Sub-millimetre Flux Densities
Component
|
Flux density (mJy)
|
850 μm
|
450 μm
|
Total
|
11.5±1.9
|
39±10
|
Estimated cal. error
|
5-10%
|
5-10%
|
Instrument
|
SCUBA (JCMT)
|
SCUBA (JCMT)
|
Date observed
|
1999-2001
|
1999-2001
|
Reference
|
[4]
|
[4]
|
|
Optical Imaging
Component
|
Brightness (Magnitudes)
|
i
|
g
|
K'
|
F814W
|
V - I (F555W, F814W)
|
A
|
|
|
20.8
|
24.01±0.06
|
0.68±0.12
|
B
|
|
|
20.8
|
24.29±0.11
|
0.43±0.15
|
C
|
|
|
20.7
|
24.01±0.05
|
0.27±0.13
|
D
|
|
|
21.2
|
25.19±0.08
|
0.61±0.17
|
E
|
|
|
20.7
|
25.12±0.17
|
0.45±0.19
|
F
|
|
|
|
26.25±0.23
|
0.29±0.23
|
K1
|
|
|
20.7
|
23.69±0.24
|
3.13±0.29
|
K2
|
|
|
20.7
|
23.70±0.33
|
3.23±1.01
|
K3
|
|
|
20.7
|
22.68±0.28
|
3.31±0.55
|
K4
|
|
|
19.1
|
|
|
K5
|
|
|
21.0
|
|
|
K6
|
|
|
21.0
|
|
|
Images + Lens
|
21.9
|
22.5
|
17.7
|
|
|
Instrument
|
COSMIC (Palomar 5-m)
|
COSMIC (Palomar 5-m)
|
KIR (CFHT)
|
WFPC-2 (HST)
|
WFPC-2 (HST)
|
Integration time
|
|
|
39 exp., 3.25 hours total
|
5000 sec (I)
|
5200 sec (V)
|
PSF size (arcsec)
|
1.1 (average)
|
1.1 (average)
|
A.O. correction used
|
|
|
Pixel scale (mas/pixel)
|
|
|
34.8
|
|
|
Date observed
|
1998/05/31
|
1998/05/31
|
1999/06/23-25
|
2000/07/10
|
2000/07/10
|
Reference no.
|
[1]
|
[1]
|
[2]
|
[3]
|
[3]
|
|
Redshifts
Object
|
Redshift
|
Instrument
|
Date Observed
|
Reference
|
Source
|
3.235±0.002
|
LRIS (Keck II)
|
1998/04/21
|
[1]
|
Lens
|
0.94±0.04
|
Estimate from HST data and mass models
|
|
[3]
|
|
Lens Models
Click on the model's reference number to go to the relevant paper's abstract on ADS.
[1] Myers et al. find that a compound model consisting of an SIE and SIS (NDF=1) can reproduce the image positions, but not the image flux ratios for this system. They find that models with a single SIE are not favoured by the data. They predict that HST imaging would reveal a second lens galaxy.
[3] Rusin et al. (2001) undertake extensive modelling using several different mass profiles for the three lensing galaxies. Although all models have reduced Χ2 > 10 (including contributions from fitting flux ratios), they show that the image configurations may be reproduced convincingly by lensing.
|
Notes
Myers et al. LRIS spectrum shows no features associated with lensing galaxies. Measurement of source redshift is based on identification of Lyα, C III and IV, N V and He II lines.
Rusin et al. (2000) find tentative evidence for variability at the 10% level from MERLIN observations.
|
References
Click here to see the CASTLES data available for this object, or here to search for references on NED. You can go to a paper's abstract on ADS by clicking its reference number.
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[1] CLASS B1152+199 and B1359+154: Two New Gravitational Lens Systems Discovered in the Cosmic Lens All-Sky Survey, S. T. Myers et al., Astron. J. 117, Issue 6, pp. 2565-2572 (1999)
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[2] Adaptive Optics Imaging of the CLASS Gravitational Lens System B1359+154 with the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope, D. Rusin et al., Astrophys. J. 533 pp. L89-L92 (2000)
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[3] B1359+154: A Six-Image Lens Produced by a z ~ 1 Compact Group of Galaxies, D. Rusin et al., Astrophys. J. 557, pp. 594-604 (2001)
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[4] A submillimeter survey of gravitationally lensed quasars, R. Barvainis and R. Ivison, Astrophys. J. 571, pp. 712-720 (2002)
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