Everything you ever wanted to know about VMS and were afraid to ask
Help with all DCL commands can be found by typing HELP Command.
This helper gives a quick guide to some of the commands you may need
to know about, to find you way round the system. Note VMS is not
case sensitive - use upper
or lower case as you wish. Commands may be abbreviated to their first few letters (you need enough letter to be unambiguous, usually 3 by sometimes 2).
- DIRECTORIES - gives a guide to your directory structure
and how to move around the different directories.
- FILES - gives a brief description of file names and how to
access them, change them, edit them etc.
- COMMANDS - gives a brief description of a few useful
DCL commands.
Directories
When you log into the uVAX as user MULTI, your current directory
will be $DISK1:[CORR] with subdirectories for different groups to use.
Directory names are enclosed in [ ] and subdirectories separated by dots.
- $DISK1:[CORR] the top of the Corr group directory tree.
- DISK$DATA:[RPFITS.DATA] Rpfits data files.
- DISK$DATA:[RPFITS.SCHED] multi sched files
- COR$LASER: alias to MBD and SPD dumps
Changing directory
Moving to another directory is done with the command
SET DEFAULT diskname:[directoryname]
This can be abbreviated to SET DEF [dir] or SD [dir] or (with luck) CD [dir]
You can give the full name of the disk and directory.subdirectory
eg. SD $DISK1:[CORR.LASER]
or you can move relative to your current directory ( . = current, - =up).
current directory command result
DISK$DATA:[RPFITS] SD [.SCHED] DISK$DATA:[RPFITS.SCHED]
DISK$DATA:[RPFITS.DATA] SD [-] DISK$DATA:[RPFITS]
DISK$DATA:[RPFITS.SCHED] SD [-.DATA] DISK$DATA:[RPFITS.DATA]
Typing HELP SET DEF at the prompt will give the full VMS help text for
this command.
Where am I?
You can find your current position using the command SHOW DEFAULT,
which can be abbreviated to SHO DEF or possibly pwd.
Files
File names can be a combination of almost any letters and numbers (a notable
exception is +) and consist of a name, a dot, an extension and
version number, e.g.} NAME.EXT;1.
No file is ever lost or overwritten, any edit or copy command produces a
file with a new version number. A file must be deleted to get rid of it.
File List
To get a list of the files in the current directory use the command
DIRECTORY. This can be abbreviated to DIR or maybe ls.
More information can be produced by adding modifiers to the command.
-
DIRECTORY/DATE/SIZE/PAGE (or DIR/DAT/SIZ/PA or DDS/PA)
will list the files with their creation date, size in
blocks (1 block = 512 bytes), a page at a time.
-
DIR *.FOR
will list all the files in the current directory which have any name (*)
and the extension FOR.
-
DIR/SINCE="1-FEB-1994 17:00"
will list all the files in the current
directory created since the given date.
- DIR/SINCE=YESTERDAY
will list all the files in the current
directory created since the start of yesterday
- DIR/SINCE=5 will list all the files in the current
directory created since 5 am on the current day.
(Note the VAX is held at GMT).
- DIR [CORR...]
will list all the files in [CORR] and its
subdirectories.
Moving Files
Files can be copied to another directory, or the same directory with
another file name with the command COPY. Any part of the dilename (disk, name, extension) that is ommitted will be given th at part of the original name.
-
COPY TESTL.FOR .OLD
will make a copy of TEST.FOR in the current
directory, called TEST.OLD.
(The original is left unchanged).
-
COPY [-.DATA]TEST.FOR NEWTEST.FOR
copies TEST.FOR in the directory [rpfits.data]
(assuming that you are currently in [rpfits.sched]) to NEWTEST.FOR in
the current directory.
-
COPY FILE1.DAT;1+FILE1.DAT;2 FILENEW.DAT
copies first version of
the file plus second version of the file to
FILENEW.DAT.
Commands
The up and down arrows on the keyboard will recall previous commands. These
command lines can be edited using the backarrow, and delete keys.
The following commands may be useful
-
COPY srcfile destfile to copy files
-
RENAME oldfile newfile to move files
-
SET DEFAULT to change current working directory
-
SHO DEFAULT to show current working directory
-
LOGOUT to finish session
-
ED FILENAME edit file with VMS editor
- EMACS FILENAME edit with emacs.
-
TYPE/PAGE FILENAME type filename, page by page ie more
-
DELETE FILENAME;VERSION deletes file.
-
PURGE FILENAME deletes all except the most recent version
of a file.
-
PURGE/KEEP=N FILENAME as above, but keep most recent n versions.
-
CANPRINT FILENAME Prints TEXT file to Canon printer in
observing room
-
PRINT/QUEUE=CAXTON FILENAME Print POSTSCRIPT file to printer caxton,
in Merlin Visitors room.
-
- PRINT/QUEUE=IRIS FILENAME Print POSTSCRIPT file to colour printer iris,
in Merlin Visitors room.
More information on these and other VMS commands can be found by typing
HELP command.
To leave help hit return for each level reached.
Editing
Typing ED filename will bring up the VAX Editor to create or
edit a file. In an existing file you can use the arrow keys to move around,
then add new
data or delete old data. (The editor always works in insert mode ie
anything typed will be inserted at the current cursor position, you can't
type over existing data.)
Commands are summoned using the right hand key pad (and the small block of
keys to the left of this). This makes using the editor from a Unix box
rather inadvisable!)
-
FIND Prompts for string to search for.
-
SELECT Places a mark in the text. All text between the mark
and the current cursor position will be highlighted.
-
REMOVE Cuts highlighted text and saves it in a paste buffer.
-
INSERT HERE Insserts the contents of the paste buffer at the
current cursor position.
-
NEXT SCREEN Page down
-
PREV SCREEN Page up
-
BACKSPACE Deletes previous character
-
KEYPAD , Delete character under cursor
-
PF1, SELECT Cancels SELECT
-
PF1 then 4 Goto End of file
-
PF1 then 5 Goto Start of file
-
PF2 HELP
-
PF3 Repeats FIND
-
CTRL-Z EXIT Saves changes and exits editor
-
CTRL-Z QUIT Exits editor without saving changes
You can also use emacs, as long as you can remember the key commands!
Editing a file creates a version of the file with a higher version
number. You will always have the last version to go back to if necessary.
( DIR/DATE/SIZE or DDS will show all the files, with version numbers and
creation dates).
Last modified: Thu Jun 15 14:01:06 BST 2000